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之所以了解到了这个,是因为使用了一个依赖tqdm的包,然后好奇就查了一下。对于python中的进度条也是经常使用的,例如包的安装,一些模型的训练也会通过进度条的方式体现在模型训练的进度。总之,使用进度条能够更加锦上添花,提升使用体验吧。至于更多tqdm内容可以参考tqdm官网[1]下面就来看看吧。

先来看看效果,使用循环显示一个智能的进度条-只需用tqdm(iterable)包装任何可迭代就可完成,如下:
tqdm运行
相关代码如下:
- import tqdm
 - import time
 - for i in tqdm.tqdm(range(1000)):
 - time.sleep(0.1)
 
官方也给了一张图,来看看:
run2
看起来还不错吧,现在我们详细地了解一下。
安装就不用说了,使用pip install tqdm即可。tqdm主要有以下三种用法。
使用案例如下,使用tqdm()传入任何可迭代的参数:
- from tqdm import tqdm
 - from time import sleep
 - text = ""
 - for char in tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"]):
 - sleep(0.25)
 - text = text + char
 
tqdm(range(i))的一个特殊优化案例:
- from time import sleep
 - from tqdm import trange
 - for i in trange(100):
 - sleep(0.01)
 
这样就可以不同传入range(100)这样的迭代器了,trange()自己去构建。 除此之外,可以用tqdm()在循环外手动控制一个可迭代类型,如下:
- pbar = tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"])
 - for char in pbar:
 - sleep(0.25)
 - pbar.set_description("Processing %s" % char)
 
这里还使用了.set_description(),结果如下:
- Processing d: 100%|██████████| 4/4 [00:01<00:00, 3.99it/s]
 
相关参数容后再介绍。
使用with语句手动控制tqdm的更新,可以根据具体任务来更新进度条的进度。
- with tqdm(total=100) as pbar:
 - for i in range(10):
 - sleep(0.1)
 - pbar.update(10)
 
当然with这个语句想必大家都知道(想想使用with打开文件就知道了),也可以不使用with进行,则有如下操作:
- pbar = tqdm(total=100)
 - for i in range(10):
 - sleep(0.1)
 - pbar.update(10)
 - pbar.close()
 
那么这个时候,就不要忘了在结束后关闭,或者del tqdm对象了。
也许tqdm的最妙用法是在脚本中或在命令行中。只需在管道之间插入tqdm(或python -m tqdm),即可将所有stdin传递到stdout,同时将进度打印到stderr。具体如何操作,我们来看看,下面也是官方给出的例子。 以下示例演示了对当前目录中所有Python文件中的行数进行计数,其中包括计时信息。(为了能够在windows系统中使用linux命令,这是使用git打开),也是当前项目路径。
- time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | wc -l
 
linux命令补充: time[2],find[3](-exec 使用其后参数操作查找到的文件);wc[4].
使用tqdm命令来试一试:
- time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | tqdm | wc -l
 
则有:
tqdm
注意,也可以指定tqdm的常规参数。如下:
就暂时说到这吧,感觉内容有点超纲了,如果对tqdm有兴趣的话可以访问官方文档深入了解。
官方的类初始化代码如下:
- class tqdm():
 - """
 - Decorate an iterable object, returning an iterator which acts exactly
 - like the original iterable, but prints a dynamically updating
 - progressbar every time a value is requested.
 - """
 - def __init__(self, iterable=None, desc=None, total=None, leave=True,
 - file=None, ncols=None, mininterval=0.1,
 - maxinterval=10.0, miniters=None, ascii=None, disable=False,
 - unit='it', unit_scale=False, dynamic_ncols=False,
 - smoothing=0.3, bar_format=None, initial=0, position=None,
 - postfix=None, unit_divisor=1000):
 
官方对各个参数介绍如下:
- Parameters
 - ----------
 - iterable : iterable, optional
 - Iterable to decorate with a progressbar.
 - Leave blank to manually manage the updates.
 - desc : str, optional
 - Prefix for the progressbar.
 - total : int, optional
 - The number of expected iterations. If unspecified,
 - len(iterable) is used if possible. If float("inf") or as a last
 - resort, only basic progress statistics are displayed
 - (no ETA, no progressbar).
 - If `gui` is True and this parameter needs subsequent updating,
 - specify an initial arbitrary large positive integer,
 - e.g. int(9e9).
 - leave : bool, optional
 - If [default: True], keeps all traces of the progressbar
 - upon termination of iteration.
 - file : `io.TextIOWrapper` or `io.StringIO`, optional
 - Specifies where to output the progress messages
 - (default: sys.stderr). Uses `file.write(str)` and `file.flush()`
 - methods. For encoding, see `write_bytes`.
 - ncols : int, optional
 - The width of the entire output message. If specified,
 - dynamically resizes the progressbar to stay within this bound.
 - If unspecified, attempts to use environment width. The
 - fallback is a meter width of 10 and no limit for the counter and
 - statistics. If 0, will not print any meter (only stats).
 - mininterval : float, optional
 - Minimum progress display update interval [default: 0.1] seconds.
 - maxinterval : float, optional
 - Maximum progress display update interval [default: 10] seconds.
 - Automatically adjusts `miniters` to correspond to `mininterval`
 - after long display update lag. Only works if `dynamic_miniters`
 - or monitor thread is enabled.
 - miniters : int, optional
 - Minimum progress display update interval, in iterations.
 - If 0 and `dynamic_miniters`, will automatically adjust to equal
 - `mininterval` (more CPU efficient, good for tight loops).
 - If > 0, will skip display of specified number of iterations.
 - Tweak this and `mininterval` to get very efficient loops.
 - If your progress is erratic with both fast and slow iterations
 - (network, skipping items, etc) you should set miniters=1.
 - ascii : bool or str, optional
 - If unspecified or False, use unicode (smooth blocks) to fill
 - the meter. The fallback is to use ASCII characters " 123456789#".
 - disable : bool, optional
 - Whether to disable the entire progressbar wrapper
 - [default: False]. If set to None, disable on non-TTY.
 - unit : str, optional
 - String that will be used to define the unit of each iteration
 - [default: it].
 - unit_scale : bool or int or float, optional
 - If 1 or True, the number of iterations will be reduced/scaled
 - automatically and a metric prefix following the
 - International System of Units standard will be added
 - (kilo, mega, etc.) [default: False]. If any other non-zero
 - number, will scale `total` and `n`.
 - dynamic_ncols : bool, optional
 - If set, constantly alters `ncols` to the environment (allowing
 - for window resizes) [default: False].
 - smoothing : float, optional
 - Exponential moving average smoothing factor for speed estimates
 - (ignored in GUI mode). Ranges from 0 (average speed) to 1
 - (current/instantaneous speed) [default: 0.3].
 - bar_format : str, optional
 - Specify a custom bar string formatting. May impact performance.
 - [default: '{l_bar}{bar}{r_bar}'], where
 - l_bar='{desc}: {percentage:3.0f}%|' and
 - r_bar='| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [{elapsed}<{remaining}, '
 - '{rate_fmt}{postfix}]'
 - Possible vars: l_bar, bar, r_bar, n, n_fmt, total, total_fmt,
 - percentage, rate, rate_fmt, rate_noinv, rate_noinv_fmt,
 - rate_inv, rate_inv_fmt, elapsed, elapsed_s, remaining,
 - remaining_s, desc, postfix, unit.
 - Note that a trailing ": " is automatically removed after {desc}
 - if the latter is empty.
 - initial : int, optional
 - The initial counter value. Useful when restarting a progress
 - bar [default: 0].
 - position : int, optional
 - Specify the line offset to print this bar (starting from 0)
 - Automatic if unspecified.
 - Useful to manage multiple bars at once (eg, from threads).
 - postfix : dict or *, optional
 - Specify additional stats to display at the end of the bar.
 - Calls `set_postfix(**postfix)` if possible (dict).
 - unit_divisor : float, optional
 - [default: 1000], ignored unless `unit_scale` is True.
 - write_bytes : bool, optional
 - If (default: None) and `file` is unspecified,
 - bytes will be written in Python 2. If `True` will also write
 - bytes. In all other cases will default to unicode.
 - gui : bool, optional
 - WARNING: internal parameter - do not use.
 - Use tqdm_gui(...) instead. If set, will attempt to use
 - matplotlib animations for a graphical output [default: False].
 
更多功能则可根据以上参数发挥你的想象力了。